Tenses - 16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris: Rumus & Contoh Kalimat

Dalam belajar Bahasa Inggris, tenses adalah hal yang paling vital untuk dipahami. Dengan tenses, ada rumus-rumus yang bisa kamu pelajari dan hafalkan demi menguasai grammar yang baik. Masih belum hafal dengan rumus Bahasa Inggris? Yuk, kita bahas satu persatu.

Simple Present Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan fakta, kebiasaan, dan keadaan umum yang terjadi pada saat ini.

Kata sinyal: always, every, never, normally, often, sometimes, usually, seldom
Kalimat positif (Subject + Verb/ Verb-s/es + Complement) = I work hard for this company.
Kalimat negatif (Subject + am/are/is/do/does + not + complement) = He does not work hard for this company.
Kalimat tanya (Do/does + Subject + Verb1 + Complement?) = Does he work hard for this company?

Present Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung. Yang paling utama dari tense ini adalah adanya durasi waktu untuk kata kerjanya.

Kata sinyal: at the moment, just now, now, right now, Listen!, Look!
Kalimat positif (Subject + am/are/is + Verb-ing + Complement) = We are studying English.
Kalimat negatif (Subject + am/are/is + Not + Complement) = We are not studying English.
Kalimat tanya (Am/are/is + Subject + Verb-ing + Complement?) = Are we studying English?

Present Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi atau kejadian sudah selesai dan menekankan pada hasilnya.

Kata sinyal: already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now.
Kalimat positif (Subject + has/have + Verb3 + Complement) = I have finished my homework.
Kalimat negatif (Subject + has/have + not + Verb3 + Complement) = She has not finished her homework.
Kalimat tanya (Has/have + Subject + Verb3 + Complement?) = Have they finished their homework?

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang dimulai pada masa lampau dan terus berlanjut sampai saat ini. Biasanya aksi yang menggunakan tense ini mempunyai durasi waktu tentu dan mempunyai relevansi dengan kondisi sekarang.

Kata sinyal: since, for the past …, the whole week.
Kalimat positif (Subject + has/have + been + Verb-ing + Complement) = She has been speaking for the last 3 hours.
Kalimat negatif (Subject + has/have + not + been + Verb-ing + Complement) = You have not been working here since 2015.
Kalimat tanya (Has/have + Subject + been + Verb-ing + Complement?) = Have you been working here since 2015?

Simple Past Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian di masa lampau.

Kata sinyal: last year, last month, yesterday, in 1996, last Sunday.
Kalimat positif (Subject + Verb2 + Complement atau subject + was/were + Complement) = I worked hard for that company.
Kalimat negatif (Subject + did/was/were not + Verb1 + Complement) = He did not work hard for that company.
Kalimat tanya (Did + Subject + Verb1 + Complement? atau Was/were + Subject + Complement?) = Did you work hard for that company?

Past Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau. Biasanya ada dua kejadian terjadi di masa lampau dan kejadian yang diinterupsi tersebut yang menggunakan tense ini.

Kata sinyal: when, while, as long as, at this time yesterday.
Kalimat positif (Subject + was/were + Verb-ing + Complement) = I was studying English when he called.
Kalimat negatif (Subject + was/were + Not + Verb-ing + Complement) = I was not studying English when he called.
Kalimat tanya (Was/were + Subject + Verb-ing + Complement?) = Was I studying English when he called?

Past Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lampau dan lebih menekankan pada hasil dari pada durasinya kejadiannya. Biasanya digunakan untuk menunjukkan kejadian mana yang terjadi terlebih dahulu di antara dua kejadian yang disebut.

Kata sinyal: yesterday, till three days ago, already, until that day.
Kalimat positif (Subject + had + Verb3 + Complement) = I had finished my homework before I met up with my friends yesterday.
Kalimat negatif (Subject + had + not + Verb3 + Complement) = I had not finished my homework before I met up with my friends yesterday.
Kalimat tanya (Had + Subject + Verb3 + Complement?) = Had I finished my homework before I met up with my friends yesterday?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan sudah selesai pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu juga. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya. Tense ini juga digunakan pada Reported Speech.

Kata sinyal: for, since, the whole day, all day.
Kalimat positif (Subject + had + been + Verb-ing + Complement) = You had been crying for an hour.
Kalimat negatif (Subject + had + not + been + Verb-ing + Complement) = He had not been crying for an hour.
Kalimat tanya (Had + Subject + been + Verb-ing + Complement?) = Had she been crying for an hour?

Simple Future Tense

Rumus Bahasa Inggris ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi atau suatu keadaan di masa depan.

Kata sinyal: next…, tomorrow, five days later.
Kalimat positif (Subject + will/be going to + Verb1 + Complement) = I am going to work hard for this company.
Kalimat negatif (Subject + will not / be not going to + Verb1 + Complement) = I am not going to work hard for this company.
Kalimat tanya (Will + Subject + Verb1 + Complement? atau Be + Subject + going to + Verb1 + Complement?) = Am I going to work hard for this company?

Future Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi atau keadaan yang akan terjadi di suatu waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.

Kata sinyal: tomorrow morning, in ten years.
Kalimat positif (Subject + will / be going to+ be + Verb-ing + Complement) = I will be studying English.
Kalimat negatif (Subject + will not / be not going to + be + Verb-ing + Complement) = I will not be studying English.
Kalimat tanya (Am/are/is + Subject + Verb-ing + Complement?) = Are you going to be studying English?

Future Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan berakhir di masa depan.

Kata sinyal: next…, in a week.
Kalimat positif (Subject + will have + Verb3 + Complement) = I will have finished my homework by tomorrow.
Kalimat negatif (Subject + will not have + Verb3 + Complement) = I will not have finished my homework by tomorrow.
Kalimat tanya (Will + Subject + have Verb3 + Complement?) = Will I have finished my homework by tomorrow?

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus Bahasa Inggris ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan terus terjadi di masa depan. Tense ini menekankan pada hasil.

Kalimat sinyal: for the last…, all day long.
Kalimat positif (Subject + would + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement) = In 2020, she would have been working here for two years.
Kalimat negatif (Subject + would + not + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement) = In 2020, she would not have been working here for two years.
Kalimat tanya (Would + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement?) = In 2020, would she have been working here for two years?

Past Future Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang seharusnya dilakukan di masa lalu namun gagal (rencana yang gagal).

Kalimat sinyal: yesterday, the day before, last week.
Kalimat positif (Subject + would/should + Verb1 + Complement) = I would come to your party if you invited me.
Kalimat negatif (Subject + would/should not + Verb1 + Complement) = I would not come to your party if you did not invite me.
Kalimat tanya (Would/should + Subject + Verb1 + Complement?) = Would I come to your party if you invited me?

Past Future Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi yang akan dilakukan di masa lampau dan akan berlangsung hingga waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi aksinya.

Kalimat positif (Subject + would/should + be + Verb-ing + Complement) = I would be studying if you had not disturbed me yesterday.
Kalimat negatif (Subject + would/should not + be + Verb-ing + Complement) = I would not be studying if you had not disturbed me yesterday.
Kalimat tanya (Would/should + Subject + be + Verb-ing + Complement?) = Would I be studying if you did not disturb me yesterday?

Past Future Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi yang akan sudah dilakukan di masa lampau namun ternyata tidak dilakukan (rencana yang gagal). Tense ini menekankan pada hasil.

Kalimat positif (Subject + would/should + have + Verb3 + Complement) = I would have bought a new car if I had enough money.
Kalimat negatif (Subject + would/should not + have + Verb3 + Complement) = I would not have bought a new car if I had enough money.
Kalimat tanya (Would/should + Subject + be + Verb3 + Complement?) = Would I have bought a new car if I had enough money?

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus Bahasa Inggris ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan sudah dan masih sedang dilakukan di masa lampau, namun sebenarnya tidak terjadi. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi dan hasilnya.

Kata sinyal: for, but, unfortunately.
Kalimat positif (Subject + would/should + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement) = She would have been waiting for me for three hours yesterday but she had left by 9.00 PM.
Kalimat negatif (Subject + would/should not + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement) = She would not have been waiting for me for three hours yesterday but she had left by 9.00 PM.
Kalimat tanya (Would/should + Subject + have + Verb-ed + Complement?) = Would she have waited for me for three hours yesterday?