Definition and Examples of Passive voice

PASSIVE VOICE

Secara sederhana, kalimat aktif adalah kalimat yang memiliki makna “me-“, sedangkan kalimat pasif adalah kalimat yang memiliki makna “di-“ atau “ter-“.

Contoh:

•      Dia meminum kopi itu. (kalimat aktif)
•       Kopi itu diminum olehnya. (kalimat pasif)

Hal yang sama juga berlaku dalam bahasa Inggris. Untuk memudahkan untuk memahaminya, perhatikan dua kalimat di bawah ini.

•  She drinks a cup of coffee. (kalimat aktif)
• A cup of coffee is drunk by her. (kalimat pasif)

Dari dua kalimat di atas, dapat ditarik sebuah kesimpulan bahwa:

v  Subjek dari kalimat aktif menjadi objek dari kalimat pasif.

v  Objek dari kalimat aktif menjadi subjek dari kalimat pasif.

v  Penanda dari kalimat pasif adalah digunakannya kata kerja bentuk ketiga (V 3) dan penggunaan “by”.

v  Untuk mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi pasif, digunakan rumus di bawah ini:

Subject + tobe + V 3

Catatan:

•  Pada perubahannya ke dalam kalimat pasif, kita harus memperhatikan tenses yang digunakan oleh suatu kalimat.

Berikut adalah rumus yang dapat digunakan:

1.       Simple Present Tense

Active Voice	Passive Voice
(+) Subject + V 1 (s/es) + Object (-)  Subject + do/does + not V 1 + Object (?) do/does + Subject + V 1 + Object?	(+) Subject + is/am/are + V 3 (-)  Subject + is/am/are + V 3 (?) is/am/are + Subject + V 3?

Contoh:

Active Voice       : “They eat some bananas”

Passive Voice     : “Some bananas are eaten by them”

2.       Present Continuouse Tense

Active Voice	Passive Voice
(+) Subject + to be + V ing + Object (-)  Subject + to be + not V ing + Object (?) to be + Subject + V ing + Object?	(+) Subject + is/am/are + being + V 3 (-)  Subject + is/am/are + not + being V 3 (?) is/am/are + Subject + being + V 3?

Contoh:

Active Voice        : “She is watching a movie”

Passive Voice     : “A movie is being watched by her”

3.       Present Perfect Tense

Active Voice	Passive Voice
(+) Subject + has/have + V 3  + Object (-)  Subject + has/have + not  + V 3 + Object (?) has/have + Subject + V 3 + Object?	(+) Subject + has/have + been + V 3 (-)  Subject + has/have + not + been + V 3 (?) has/have + Subject + been + V 3?

Contoh:

Active Voice        : “He has drunk a class of chocolate milk”

Passive Voice     : “A glass of chocolate has been drunk by him”

4.       Simple Past Tense

Active Voice	Passive Voice
(+) Subject + V 2 + Object (-)  Subject + did + not V 2 + Object (?) did + Subject + V 1 + Object?	(+) Subject + was/were + V 3 (-)  Subject + was/were + not + V 3 (?) was/were + Subject + V 3?

Contoh:

Active Voice        : “My grandmother watered the flowers”.

Passive Voice     : “The flowers were watered by my grandmother”.

5.       Past Continuous Tense

Active Voice	Passive Voice
(+) Subject + was/were + V ing + Object (-)  Subject + was/were + not + V ing + Object (?) was/were + Subject + V ing + Object?	(+) Subject + was/were + being + V 3 (-)  Subject + was/were + not + being + V 3 (?) was/were + Subject + being + V 3?

Contoh:

Active Voice        : “They were writing an English essay”.

Passive Voice     : “An English essay were being writen by them”.

6.       Past Perfect Tense

Active Voice	Passive Voice
(+) Subject + had + V 3 + Object (-)  Subject + had + not + V 3 + Object (?) had + Subject + V 3 + Object?	(+) Subject + had + been + V 3 (-)  Subject + had + not + been + V 3 (?) had + Subject + been + V 3?

Contoh:

Active Voice        : “He had bought a limited edition watch”.

Passive Voice     : “A limited edition watch had been bought by him”.

7.       Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Active Voice	Passive Voice
(+) Subject + had + been + V ing + Object (-)  Subject + had + not + been + V ing + Object (?) had + Subject + been + V ing + Object?	(+) Subject + had + been + being + V 3 (-)  Subject + had + not + been + being  + V 3 (?) had + Subject + been + being + V 3?

Contoh:

Active Voice        : “They had been studying English grammar”.

Passive Voice     : “English grammar had been being studied by them”.

8.       Simple Future Tense

Active Voice	Passive Voice
(+) Subject + will + V 1 + Object (-)  Subject + will + not + V 1 + Object (?) will + Subject + V 1 + Object?	(+) Subject + will + be + V 3 (-)  Subject + will + not + be + V 3 (?) will + Subject + be + V 3?

Contoh:

Active Voice        : “He will sell an old motorcycle”

Passive Voice     : “An old motorcycle will be sold by him”.

9.       Future Continuous Tense

Active Voice	Passive Voice
(+) Subject + will + be  + V ing + Object (-)  Subject + will + not + be + V ing + Object (?) will + Subject + be + V ing + Object?	(+) Subject + will + be + being + V 3 (-)  Subject + will + not + be + being  + V 3 (?) will + Subject + be + being + V 3?

Contoh :

Active Voice        : “She will be visiting Maya”.

Passive Voice     : “Maya will be being visited by Her”.

10.   Future Perfect Tense

Active Voice	Passive Voice
(+) Subject + will + have + V 3 + Object (-)  Subject + will + have + not + V 3 + Object (?) will + Subject + have + V 3 + Object?	(+) Subject + will + have + been + V 3 (-)  Subject + will + have + not + been + V 3 (?) will + Subject + have + been + V 3?

Contoh:

Active Voice        : “He will have read this novel by the end of this week”.

Passive Voice     : “This novel will have not read by him by the end of this week”.

11.   Past Future Tense

Active Voice	Passive Voice
(+) Subject + would + V 1 + Object (-)  Subject + would + not + V 1 + Object (?) would + Subject + V 1 + Object?	(+) Subject + would + be + V 3 (-)  Subject + would + not + be  + V 3 (?) would + Subject + be + V 3?

Contoh:

Active Voice        : “They would buy the concert tickets”.

Passive Voice     : “The concerts ticket would be bought by Them”.

12.   Past Future Tense

Active Voice	Passive Voice
(+) Subject + would + have + V 3 + Object (-)  Subject + would + not + have + V 3 + Object (?) would + Subject + have + V 3 + Object?	(+) Subject + would + have + been + V 3 (-)  Subject + would + not + have +  been  +    V 3 (?) would + Subject + have + been + V 3?

Contoh:

Active Voice        : “She would have done the chemistry assignment”.

Passive Voice     : “The chemistry assignment would have been done by her”.

Ringkasan :

Ø  Secara sederhana, kalimat pasif dapat diartikan sebagai kalimat yang memiliki arti “di-“, misalnya dimakan, diminum, disiram, dibeli, dijual, dan sebagainya.

Ø  Hal yang serupa juga ada di dalam bahasa Ingris. Rumus sederhana dari pola kalimat pasif adalah Subject + to be + V 3.

Ø  Hal yang perlu diingat adalah bahwa kata kerja yang digunakan pada kalimat pasif selalu kata kerja bentuk ke tiga (V 3).

Ø  Kalimat pasif adalah kebalikan dari kalimat aktif.

Ø  Subject dari kalimat aktif menjadi objek dari kalimat pasif.

Ø  Objek dari kalimat aktif menjadi subjek dari kalimat pasif.

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